CIPHERS(1)                  OpenSSL                  CIPHERS(1)





NAME
       ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool.

SYNOPSIS
       openssl ciphers [-v] [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1]
       [cipherlist]

DESCRIPTION
       The cipherlist command converts OpenSSL cipher lists
       into ordered SSL cipher preference lists. It can be used
       as a test tool to determine the appropriate cipherlist.

COMMAND OPTIONS
       -v  verbose option. List ciphers with a complete
           description of protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the
           latter includes TLS), key exchange, authentication,
           encryption and mac algorithms used along with any
           key size restrictions and whether the algorithm is
           classed as an "export" cipher.  Note that without
           the -v option, ciphers may seem to appear twice in a
           cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are avail-
           able for SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1.

       -ssl3
           only include SSL v3 ciphers.

       -ssl2
           only include SSL v2 ciphers.

       -tls1
           only include TLS v1 ciphers.

       -h, -?
           print a brief usage message.

       cipherlist
           a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference
           list. If it is not included then the default cipher
           list will be used. The format is described below.

CIPHER LIST FORMAT
       The cipher list consists of one or more cipher strings
       separated by colons.  Commas or spaces are also accept-
       able separators but colons are normally used.

       The actual cipher string can take several different
       forms.

       It can consist of a single cipher suite such as RC4-SHA.

       It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a
       certain algorithm, or cipher suites of a certain type.
       For example SHA1 represents all ciphers suites using the
       digest algorithm SHA1 and SSLv3 represents all SSL v3
       algorithms.

       Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single
       cipher string using the + character. This is used as a
       logical and operation. For example SHA1+DES represents
       all cipher suites containing the SHA1 and the DES algo-
       rithms.

       Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the
       characters !, - or +.

       If ! is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted
       from the list.  The ciphers deleted can never reappear
       in the list even if they are explicitly stated.

       If - is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list,
       but some or all of the ciphers can be added again by
       later options.

       If + is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of
       the list. This option doesn't add any new ciphers it
       just moves matching existing ones.

       If none of these characters is present then the string
       is just interpreted as a list of ciphers to be appended
       to the current preference list. If the list includes any
       ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is
       they will not moved to the end of the list.

       Additionally the cipher string @STRENGTH can be used at
       any point to sort the current cipher list in order of
       encryption algorithm key length.

CIPHER STRINGS
       The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings
       and their meanings.

       DEFAULT
           the default cipher list. This is determined at com-
           pile time and is normally
           ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH. This must be the
           first cipher string specified.

       COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT
           the ciphers included in ALL, but not enabled by
           default. Currently this is ADH. Note that this rule
           does not cover eNULL, which is not included by ALL
           (use COMPLEMENTOFALL if necessary).

       ALL all ciphers suites except the eNULL ciphers which
           must be explicitly enabled.

       COMPLEMENTOFALL
           the cipher suites not enabled by ALL, currently
           being eNULL.

       HIGH
           "high" encryption cipher suites. This currently
           means those with key lengths larger than 128 bits.

       MEDIUM
           "medium" encryption cipher suites, currently those
           using 128 bit encryption.

       LOW "low" encryption cipher suites, currently those
           using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms but exclud-
           ing export cipher suites.

       EXP, EXPORT
           export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56
           bits algorithms.

       EXPORT40
           40 bit export encryption algorithms

       EXPORT56
           56 bit export encryption algorithms.

       eNULL, NULL
           the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no
           encryption. Because these offer no encryption at all
           and are a security risk they are disabled unless
           explicitly included.

       aNULL
           the cipher suites offering no authentication. This
           is currently the anonymous DH algorithms. These
           cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the mid-
           dle" attack and so their use is normally discour-
           aged.

       kRSA, RSA
           cipher suites using RSA key exchange.

       kEDH
           cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement.

       kDHr, kDHd
           cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certifi-
           cates signed by CAs with RSA and DSS keys respec-
           tively. Not implemented.

       aRSA
           cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the
           certificates carry RSA keys.

       aDSS, DSS
           cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the
           certificates carry DSS keys.

       aDH cipher suites effectively using DH authentication,
           i.e. the certificates carry DH keys.  Not imple-
           mented.

       kFZA, aFZA, eFZA, FZA
           ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authen-
           tication, encryption or all FORTEZZA algorithms. Not
           implemented.

       TLSv1, SSLv3, SSLv2
           TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respec-
           tively.

       DH  cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH.

       ADH anonymous DH cipher suites.

       AES cipher suites using AES.

       3DES
           cipher suites using triple DES.

       DES cipher suites using DES (not triple DES).

       RC4 cipher suites using RC4.

       RC2 cipher suites using RC2.

       IDEA
           cipher suites using IDEA.

       MD5 cipher suites using MD5.

       SHA1, SHA
           cipher suites using SHA1.

CIPHER SUITE NAMES
       The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites
       names from the relevant specification and their OpenSSL
       equivalents. It should be noted, that several cipher
       suite names do not include the authentication used, e.g.
       DES-CBC3-SHA. In these cases, RSA authentication is
       used.

       SSL v3.0 cipher suites.

        SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5                   NULL-MD5
        SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA                   NULL-SHA
        SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5          EXP-RC4-MD5
        SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5                RC4-MD5
        SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA                RC4-SHA
        SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5      EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
        SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA               IDEA-CBC-SHA
        SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA       EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA                DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA           DES-CBC3-SHA

        SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA    Not implemented.
        SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA             Not implemented.
        SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA        Not implemented.
        SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA    Not implemented.
        SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA             Not implemented.
        SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA        Not implemented.
        SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
        SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA

        SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5      EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
        SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5            ADH-RC4-MD5
        SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
        SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA

        SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA          Not implemented.
        SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA  Not implemented.
        SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA       Not implemented.

       TLS v1.0 cipher suites.

        TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5                   NULL-MD5
        TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA                   NULL-SHA
        TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5          EXP-RC4-MD5
        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5                RC4-MD5
        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA                RC4-SHA
        TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5      EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
        TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA               IDEA-CBC-SHA
        TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA       EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA                DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA           DES-CBC3-SHA

        TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA    Not implemented.
        TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA             Not implemented.
        TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA        Not implemented.
        TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA    Not implemented.
        TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA             Not implemented.
        TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA        Not implemented.
        TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
        TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA





        TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5      EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
        TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5            ADH-RC4-MD5
        TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA   EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA            ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA       ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA

       AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0

        TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA            AES128-SHA
        TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA            AES256-SHA

        TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA         DH-DSS-AES128-SHA
        TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA         DH-DSS-AES256-SHA
        TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA         DH-RSA-AES128-SHA
        TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA         DH-RSA-AES256-SHA

        TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA        DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA        DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA
        TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA        DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA
        TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA        DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA

        TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA        ADH-AES128-SHA
        TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA        ADH-AES256-SHA

       Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites

       Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3.

        TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA     EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA      EXP1024-RC4-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA  EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
        TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA            DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA

       SSL v2.0 cipher suites.

        SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5                 RC4-MD5
        SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5        EXP-RC4-MD5
        SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5             RC2-MD5
        SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5    EXP-RC2-MD5
        SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5            IDEA-CBC-MD5
        SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5              DES-CBC-MD5
        SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5        DES-CBC3-MD5

NOTES
       The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented
       in OpenSSL because there is no support for DH certifi-
       cates.

       Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all
       the ciphers listed here because some ciphers were
       excluded at compile time.

EXAMPLES
       Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL
       ciphers:

        openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL'

       Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then
       sort by strength:

        openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH'

       Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers
       last:

        openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA'

       Include all RC4 ciphers but leave out those without
       authentication:

        openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT'

       Include all chiphers with RSA authentication but leave
       out ciphers without encryption.

        openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL'

SEE ALSO
       s_client(1), s_server(1), ssl(3)

HISTORY
       The COMPLENTOFALL and COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT selection
       options were added in version 0.9.7.



0.9.7c                     2002-12-29                CIPHERS(1)
